https://www.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/5-6-x/topics/cm_ig_feature_differences.htmlThe main difference is that you do get a lot of features that would make management easier specifically around configuration versioning, encryption, security, etc.
There will be not technical limitation on the services between the versions.
Since you were told to get it from Apache it is worth mentioning that CDH is a package distribution that Cloudera integrates and tests. This means that you won't have to do it but it also means that you will have to go at Cloudera pace when adopting new projects or new versions (technically you can add your own as well but my view is that if you are going to be doing that anyway why not do it for all).