I could get a step further by
- manually updating the cluster status in the status table to 'STOPPED'
- manually starting all node vm's, logging in and halting them
- restarting cloudbreak
Then after some time cloudbreak syncs with the cluster and can startup the cluster. However it says that the infrastructure is started and that a cluster startup is ongoing. In Azure however the VM's still have a 'stopped' status.
When I look in the Cloudbreak startup log, I see an error:
Failed to convert from type [java.util.LinkedHashSet<?>] to type [com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.api.model.AutoscaleStackResponse] for value 'com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.domain.Stack@25194c0b'
Even after restarting Cloudbreak, these errors reoccur and the GUI still hangs in the 'update in progress: Starting Ambari cluster' fase...