It sounds like you've got a web proxy on your network that is blocking Cloudera Manager from being able to get the packages. I believe wget will utilize an environment variable called "http_proxy" to reach the internet through your web proxy, so that may explain why it's working. Also, as you noticed with your java app, it worked when it utilized a proxy.
In the latest versions of CM, you can set your proxy server in the "Administration" tab. Just type in a search term of "proxy" on that page and you can specify your web proxy server, etc.
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