The quotes don't matter in this case. Is the virtual table a view? If so it's hard to know exactly what SQL is being executed on the back end. You should look at the HiveServer2 logs or Resource Manager UI to see the specific failure.
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Use \r. Special characters are URL escaped, which is why your command above doesn't work. ALTER TABLE <tableName> DROP IF EXISTS PARTITION(fiscal_year='2014\r', erp='ae_na\r\r');
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