@Dr. Jason Breitweg, it will not be deleted automatically.
There may be block files under that directory that you need. If the cluster has any important data - I'd recommend running 'hdfs fsck' to ensure there are no missing/corrupt blocks before you delete /var/hadoop/hdfs/data/current/BP-*.
Even then I'd first move the directory to a different location, restart DataNodes and rerun fsck to ensure you don't cause data loss.