Community Articles

Find and share helpful community-sourced technical articles.
Announcements
Celebrating as our community reaches 100,000 members! Thank you!
Labels (2)
avatar

This article shows how to setup and secure a SolrCloud cluster with Kerberos and Ranger. Furthermore it outlines some important configurations that are necessary in order to use the combination Solr + HDFS + Kerberos.

Tested on HDP 2.3.4, Ambari 2.1.2, Ranger 0.5, Solr 5.2.1; MIT Kerberos

Pre-Requisites & Service Allocation

You should have a running HDP cluster, including Kerberos, Ranger and HDFS.

For this article I am going to use a 6 node (3 master + 3 worker) cluster with the following service allocation.

1889-screen-shot-2016-02-02-at-90940-pm.png

Depending on the size and use case of your Solr environment, you can either install Solr on separate nodes (larger workloads and collections) or install them on the same nodes as the Datanodes. For this installation I have decided to install Solr on the 3 Datanodes.

Note: The picture above is only showing the main services and components, there are additional clients and services installed (Yarn, MR, Hive, ...).

Installing the SolrCloud

Solr aka HDPSearch is part of the HDP-Utils repository (see http://docs.hortonworks.com/HDPDocuments/HDP2/HDP-2.3.0/bk_search/index.html).

Install Solr on all Datanodes

yum install lucidworks-hdpsearch
service solr start
ln -s /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/logs /var/log/solr

Note: Make sure /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch is owned by user solr and solr is available as a service ("service solr status" should return the Solr status)

Keytabs and Principals

In order for Solr to authenticate itself with the kerberized cluster, it is necessary to create a Solr and Spnego Keytab. The latter is used for authenticating HTTP requests. Its recommended to create a keytab per host, instead of a keytab that is distributed to all hosts, e.g. solr/myhostname@EXAMPLE.COM instead of solr@EXAMPLE.COM

The Solr service keytab will also be used to enable Solr Collections to write to the HDFS.

Create a Solr Service Keytab for each Solr host

kadmin.local
addprinc -randkey solr/horton04.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
xst -k solr.service.keytab.horton04 solr/horton04.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
addprinc -randkey solr/horton05.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
xst -k solr.service.keytab.horton05 solr/horton05.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
addprinc -randkey solr/horton06.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
xst -k solr.service.keytab.horton06 solr/horton06.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
exit

Move the Keytabs to the individual hosts (in my case => horton04,horton05,horton06) and save them under /etc/security/keytabs/solr.service.keytab

Create Spnego Service Keytab

To authenticate HTTP requests, it is necessary to create a Spnego Service Keytab, either by making a copy of the existing spnego-Keytab or by creating a separate solr/spnego principal + keytab. On each Solr host do the following:

cp /etc/security/keytabs/spnego.service.keytab /etc/security/keytabs/solr-spnego.service.keytab

Owner & Permissions

Make sure the Keytabs are owned by solr:hadoop and the permissions are set to 400.

chown solr:hadoop /etc/security/keytabs/solr*.keytab
chmod 400 /etc/security/keytabs/solr*.keytab

Configure Solr Cloud

Since all Solr data will be stored in the Hadoop Filesystem, it is important to adjust the time Solr will take to shutdown or "kill" the Solr process (whenever you execute "service solr stop/restart"). If this setting is not adjusted, Solr will try to shutdown the Solr process and because it takes a bit more time when using HDFS, Solr will simply kill the process and most of the time lock the Solr Indexes of your collections. If the index of a collection is locked the following exception is shown after the startup routine "org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: Index locked for write"

Increase the sleep time from 5 to 30 seconds in /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/solr

sed -i 's/(sleep 5)/(sleep 30)/g' /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/solr

Adjust Solr configuration: /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/solr.in.sh

SOLR_HEAP="1024m"
SOLR_HOST=`hostname -f`
ZK_HOST="horton01.example.com:2181,horton02.example.com:2181,horton03.example.com:2181/solr"
SOLR_KERB_PRINCIPAL=HTTP/${SOLR_HOST}@EXAMPLE.COM
SOLR_KERB_KEYTAB=/etc/security/keytabs/solr-spnego.service.keytab
SOLR_JAAS_FILE=/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/jaas.conf
SOLR_AUTHENTICATION_CLIENT_CONFIGURER=org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.Krb5HttpClientConfigurer
SOLR_AUTHENTICATION_OPTS=" -DauthenticationPlugin=org.apache.solr.security.KerberosPlugin -Djava.security.auth.login.config=${SOLR_JAAS_FILE} -Dsolr.kerberos.principal=${SOLR_KERB_PRINCIPAL} -Dsolr.kerberos.keytab=${SOLR_KERB_KEYTAB} -Dsolr.kerberos.cookie.domain=${SOLR_HOST} -Dhost=${SOLR_HOST} -Dsolr.kerberos.name.rules=DEFAULT"

Create Jaas-Configuration

Create a Jaas-Configuration file: /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/jaas.conf

Client {
     com.sun.security.auth.module.Krb5LoginModule required
     useKeyTab=true
     keyTab="/etc/security/keytabs/solr.service.keytab"
     storeKey=true
     debug=true
     principal="solr/<HOSTNAME>@EXAMPLE.COM";
};

Make sure the file is owned by solr

chown solr:solr /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/bin/jaas.conf

HDFS

Create a HDFS directory for Solr. This directory will be used for all the Solr data (indexes, etc.).

hdfs dfs -mkdir /apps/solr
hdfs dfs -chown solr /apps/solr
hdfs dfs -chmod 750 /apps/solr

Zookeeper

SolrCloud is using Zookeeper to store configurations and cluster states. Its recommended to create a separate ZNode for Solr. The following commands can be executed on one of the Solr nodes.

Initialize Zookeeper Znode for Solr:

/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/scripts/cloud-scripts/zkcli.sh -zkhost horton01.example.com:2181,horton02.example.com.com:2181,horton03.example.com:2181 -cmd makepath /solr

The security.json file needs to in the the root folder of the Solr-Znode. This file contains configurations for the authentication and authorization provider.

/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/scripts/cloud-scripts/zkcli.sh -zkhost horton01.example.com:2181,horton02.example.com.com:2181,horton03.example.com:2181 -cmd put /solr/security.json '{"authentication":{"class": "org.apache.solr.security.KerberosPlugin"},"authorization":{"class": "org.apache.ranger.authorization.solr.authorizer.RangerSolrAuthorizer"}}'

Install & Enable Ranger Solr-Plugin

Log into the Ranger UI and create a Solr repository and user.

Create Ranger-Solr Repository (Access Manager -> Solr -> Add(+))

Service Name: <clustername>_solr

Username: amb_ranger_admin

Password: <password> (typically this is admin)

Solr Url: http://horton04.example.com:8983

Add Ranger-Solr User

Create a new user called " solr" with an arbitrary password.

This user is necessary to assign policy permissions to the Solr user

Add base policy

Creating a new Solr repository in Ranger usually creates a base policy as well. If you dont see a policy in the Solr repository, create a Solr Base policy with the following settings:

Policy Name: e.g. clustername

Solr Collections: *

Description: Default Policy for Service: bigdata_solr

Audit Logging: Yes

User: solr, amb_ranger_admin

Permissions: all permissions + delegate admin

1902-screen-shot-2016-02-08-at-104121-am.png

Install Solr-Plugin

Install and enable the Ranger Solr Plugin on all nodes that have Solr installed.

yum -y install ranger_*-solr-plugin.x86_64

Copy Mysql-Connector-Java (optional, Audit to DB)

This is only necessary if you want to setup Audit to DB

cp /usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java.jar /usr/hdp/2.3.4.0-3485/ranger-solr-plugin/lib

Adjust Plugin Configuration

Plugin properties are located here: /usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/ranger-solr-plugin/install.properties

Change the following values:

SQL_CONNECTOR_JAR=/usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java.jar
COMPONENT_INSTALL_DIR_NAME=/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server
POLICY_MGR_URL=http://<ranger-host>:6080
REPOSITORY_NAME=<clustername>_solr

If you want to enable Audit to DB, also change:

XAAUDIT.DB.IS_ENABLED=true
XAAUDIT.DB.FLAVOUR=MYSQL
XAAUDIT.DB.HOSTNAME=<ranger-db-host>
XAAUDIT.DB.DATABASE_NAME=ranger_audit
XAAUDIT.DB.USER_NAME=rangerlogger
XAAUDIT.DB.PASSWORD=***************** 
(set this password to whatever you set when running Mysql pre-req steps for Ranger)

Enable the Plugin and (Re)start Solr

export JAVA_HOME=<path_to_jdk>
/usr/hdp/<version>/ranger-solr-plugin/enable-solr-plugin.sh
service solr restart

The enable script will distribute some files and create sym-links in /opt/lucidwords-hdpsearch/solr/server/solr-webapp/webapp/WEB-INF/lib

If you go to the Ranger UI, you should be able to see whether your Solr instances are communicating with Ranger or not.

1906-screen-shot-2016-02-08-at-105204-am.png

Smoke Test

Everything has been setup and the policies have been synced with the Solr nodes, its time for some smoke tests :)

To test our installation we are going to setup a test collection with one of the sample datasets from Solr, called "films".

Go to the first node of your Solr Cloud (e.g. horton04)

Create the initial Solr Collection configuration by using the basic_config, which is part of every Solr installation

mkdir /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections
mkdir /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections/films
chown -R solr:solr /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections
cp -R /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/solr/configsets/basic_configs/conf /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections/films

Adjust solrconfig.xml (/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections/films/conf)

1) Remove any existing directoryFactory-element

2) Add new Directory Factory for HDFS (make sure to modify the values for solr.hdfs.home and solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.principal)

<directoryFactory name="DirectoryFactory" class="solr.HdfsDirectoryFactory">
     <str name="solr.hdfs.home">hdfs://bigdata/apps/solr</str>
     <str name="solr.hdfs.confdir">/etc/hadoop/conf</str>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.enabled">true</bool>
     <str name="solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.keytabfile">/etc/security/keytabs/solr.service.keytab</str>
     <str name="solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.principal">solr/${host:}@EXAMPLE.COM</str>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.enabled">true</bool>
     <int name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.slab.count">1</int>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.direct.memory.allocation">true</bool>
     <int name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.blocksperbank">16384</int>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.read.enabled">true</bool>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.blockcache.write.enabled">true</bool>
     <bool name="solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.enable">true</bool>
     <int name="solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.maxmergesizemb">16</int>
     <int name="solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.maxcachedmb">192</int>
</directoryFactory>

3) Adjust Lock-type

Search the lockType-element and change it to "hdfs"

<lockType>hdfs</lockType>

Adjust schema.xml (/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections/films/conf)

Add the following field definitions in the schema.xml file (There are already some base field definitions, simply copy-and-paste the following 4 lines somewhere nearby).

<field name="directed_by" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="true"/>
<field name="name" type="text_general" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="initial_release_date" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="genre" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="true"/>

Upload Films-configuration to Zookeeper (solr-znode)

Since this is a SolrCloud setup, all configuration files will be stored in Zookeeper.

/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/scripts/cloud-scripts/zkcli.sh -zkhost horton01.example.com:2181,horton02.example.com.com:2181,horton03.example.com:2181/solr -cmd upconfig -confname films -confdir /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr_collections/films/conf

Create the Films-Collection

Note: Make sure you have a valid Kerberos ticket from the Solr user (e.g. "kinit -kt solr.service.keytab solr/`hostname -f`")

curl --negotiate -u : "http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=films&numShards=1"

Check available collections:

curl --negotiate -u : "http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/admin/collections?action=LIST&wt=json"

Response

{
   "responseHeader":{
      "status":0,
      "QTime":2
   },
   "collections":[
      "films"
   ]
}

Load data into the collection

curl --negotiate -u : 'http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/films/update/json?commit=true' --data-binary @/opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/example/films/films.json -H 'Content-type:application/json'

Select data from the Films-Collection

curl --negotiate -u : http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/films/select?q=*

This should return the data from the films-Collection.

Since the Solr-user is part of the base policy in Ranger, above commands should not bring up any errors or authorization issues.

Tests with new user (=> Tom)

To see whether Ranger is working or not, authenticate yourself as a different user (e.g. Tom) and select the data from "films"

kinit tom@EXAMPLE.COM
curl --negotiate -u : http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/films/select?q=*

This should return "Unauthorized Request (403)"

1908-screen-shot-2016-02-08-at-92842-am.png

Add Policy

Add a new Ranger-Solr-Policy for the films collection and authorize Tom

1909-screen-shot-2016-02-08-at-93146-am.png

Query the collection again

curl --negotiate -u : "http://horton04.example.com:8983/solr/films/select?q=*&wt=json"

Result:

{
   "responseHeader":{
      "status":0,
      "QTime":3,
      "params":{
         "q":"*",
         "wt":"json"
      }
   },
   "response":{
      "numFound":1100,
      "start":0,
      "docs":[
         {
            "id":"/en/45_2006",
            "directed_by":[
               "Gary Lennon"
            ],
            "initial_release_date":"2006-11-30",
            "genre":[
               "Black comedy",
               "Thriller",
               "Psychological thriller",
               "Indie film",
               "Action Film",
               "Crime Thriller",
               "Crime Fiction",
               "Drama"
            ],
            "name":".45",
            "_version_":1525514568271396864
         },
         ...
...
...

Common Errors

Unauthorized Request (403)

Ranger denied access to the specified Solr Collection. Check the Ranger audit log and Solr policies.

Authentication Required

Make sure you have a valid kerberos ticket!

Defective Token detected

Caused by: GSSException: Defective token detected (Mechanism level: GSSHeader did not find
the right tag)

Usually this issue surfaces during Spnego authentication, the token supplied by the client is not accepted by the server.

This error occurs with Java JDK 1.8.0_40 (http://bugs.java.com/view_bug.do?bug_id=8080122)

Solution: This bug was acknowledged and fixed by Oracle in Java JDK >= 1.8.0_60

White Page / Too many groups

Problem: When the Solr Admin interface ( http://<solr_instance>; :8389/solr) is secured with Kerberos, users with too many AD groups cant access the page. Usually these users only see a white page as a result and the solr log is showing the following message.

badMessage: java.lang.IllegalStateException: too much data after closed for
HttpChannelOverHttp@69d2b147{r=2,c=true,=COMPLETED,uri=/solr/}
HttpParser Header is too large >8192

Also see:

Possible solution:

Search for the file: /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/etc/jetty.xml

Increase the "solr.jetty.request.header.size" from 8192 to about 51200 (should be sufficient for plenty of groups).

sed -i 's/name="solr.jetty.request.header.size" default="8192"/name="solr.jetty.request.header.size" default="51200"/g' /opt/lucidworks-hdpsearch/solr/server/etc/jetty.xml

Useful Links

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Collections+API

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Kerberos+Authentication+Plugin

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Getting+Started+with+SolrCloud

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/RANGER/How+to+configure+Solr+Cloud+with+Kerberos+for+Ran...

Looking forward to your feedback

Jonas

30,165 Views
Comments
avatar
Explorer

Hi Jonas,

I got as far as creating the smoke test films collection, but when I run the curl command I get:

GSSException: Failure unspecified at GSS-API level (Mechanism level: Invalid argument (400) - Cannot find key of appropriate type to decrypt AP REP - AES256 CTS mode with HMAC SHA1-96)

From the solr server log this seems to be during SPNEGO of authenticating the client. The rest of my kerberised cluster seems fine, and I've made sure the JCE 8 extensions are installed:

[root@master solr]# ls -lrt /usr/java/default/jre/lib/security/
total 164
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root   3023 Dec 20  2013 US_export_policy.jar
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root   3035 Dec 20  2013 local_policy.jar

and also made sure solr is using that java by setting SOLR_JAVA_HOME in solr.in.sh. I'm logged in as the following solr principal.

[root@master solr]# klist -e
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: solr/master.sandbox.lbg.com@LBG.COM


Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
06/21/16 23:07:24  06/22/16 23:07:24  krbtgt/LBG.COM@LBG.COM
        renew until 06/21/16 23:07:24, Etype (skey, tkt): aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96, aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96
06/21/16 23:07:27  06/22/16 23:07:24  HTTP/master.sandbox.lbg.com@LBG.COM
        renew until 06/21/16 23:07:24, Etype (skey, tkt): aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96, aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96

I'm a little perplexed as the error suggests the extensions aren't installed, but i can't really see how they're not.

Have you got any ideas?

Cheers,

Tom

avatar
Explorer

For those that are interested, it had nothing to do with JCE extensions, the error was a red herring as the JVM simply couldn't read the SPNEGO keytab as it didn't have the correct permissions.

avatar
Guru

@Jonas Straub Can we configure ranger on solr without having kerberos in our cluster ?

avatar
Rising Star

I am running into errors from Ambari-infra-solr in HDP 2.5 with a Kerberized and SSL enabled cluster. I noticed that your steps have a separate keytab for solr-spnego. Is this mandatory to do this way?

SOLR_KERB_KEYTAB=/etc/security/keytabs/solr-spnego.service.keytab

The errors I have are:

SASL configuration failed: javax.security.auth.login.LoginException: Pre-authentication information was invalid (24) Will continue connection to Zookeeper server without SASL authentication, if Zookeeper server allows it

and '401 Authentication required'

Please let me know what I am missing here.

avatar
Explorer

Can someone clarify that this article is relevant to external instance of SOLR and not the one managed by Ambari Infra? There's no Ranger plugin for SOLR managed by Infra, I assume, because it is for internal use. Besides, SOLR managed by Ambari Infra is Kerberized without many of the steps mentioned here.

avatar
Explorer

Steps for dealing with SSL enabled Ranger? (I'm running HDP-2.6.4.0)

Currently plagued with the following:

Unable to get the Credential Provider from the Configuration

The value of property hadoop.security.credential.provider.path must not be null

SSLContext must not be null

avatar
Explorer

Hi @Jonas Straub,do as your article ,i create collection by curl command,and got the 401 error:

curl –negotiate –u :  ‘http://myhost:8983/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=col&numShards=1&replicationFactor=1&collection.configName=_default&wt=json’

{

  “responseHeader”:{

“status”:0,

“QTime”:31818},

  “failure”:{

    “myhost:8983_solr”:”org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.HttpSolrClient$RemoteSolrException:Error from server at http://myhost:8983/solr:Excepted mime type application/octet-stream but got text/html.

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv=\”Content-Type\” content=\”text/html;charset=utf-8\”/>”

<title> Error 401 Authentication required </title>

  </head>

  <body>

<h2>HTTP ERROR 401</h2>

<p> Problem accessing /solr/admin/cores.Reason:

  <pre> Authentication required</pre>

</p>

  </body>

</html>

}

}

 

When I debug the solr source code, found this exception is returned by “coreContainer.getZKController().getOverseerCollectionQueue().offer(Utils.toJson(m), timeout)”,so I doubt maybe the solr don’t authenticate zookeeper info and I use a no-kerberos zookeeper to replace the Kerberos zookeeper, solr collection can be created successfully.

How to solve the problem with Kerberos ZK?

Version history
Last update:
‎08-17-2019 01:12 PM
Updated by:
Contributors